Al-Rifa'i Mosque, is located in Cairo, Egypt, in Midan al-Qal'a, adjacent to the Cairo Citadel. The building dates from around 1361, and was architecturally conceived as a complement to the older structure. This was part of a vast campaign by the 19th century rulers of Egypt to both associate themselves with the perceived glory of earlier periods in Egypt's Islamic history and modernize the city.